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SIG_Bergmann_M1920.png|Standard SIG M1920. |
SIG_Bergmann_M1920.png|Standard SIG M1920. |
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+ | SIG_MP_1920.png|SIG M1920 converted to 9×19mm. Note the replacement bolt. |
SIG_M1920_Schematics.jpg|Cross-section diagram of the SIG M1920. |
SIG_M1920_Schematics.jpg|Cross-section diagram of the SIG M1920. |
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SIG_Bergmann_M1930.png|SIG M1930 with vertical foregrip and right-feeding magazine. |
SIG_Bergmann_M1930.png|SIG M1930 with vertical foregrip and right-feeding magazine. |
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Revision as of 08:15, 8 October 2020
The Model 1920, commonly known as the "Brevet Bergmann" ("Bergmann Patent"), was a Swiss submachine gun produced by SIG.
History
Following their defeat in World War I, Germany was largely prevented from manufacturing and exporting weapons, as per the terms dictated by the Treaty of Versailles. The Bergmann firm of Suhl, which had produced the MP18 submachine gun during the closing stages of the war, thus sought to find an alternate manufacturer for the weapon.
In 1920, Bergmann granted the production rights of the MP18 to SIG in Switzerland, who began manufacturing and marketing the weapon in a variety of different calibres for international sale. Finland adopted, and produced, the M1920 in 7.65×21mm and Japan adopted it in 7.63×25mm. It also saw large sales to China in this caliber. Examples seen in contemporary photos from the Sino-Japanese War are often misidentified as the MP28.
The Japanese model had special bayonet fittings; these weapons were named the Type Be (Japanese: ベ式機関短銃 Be-shiki kikan tanjū), with the "Be" being the first phonetic in "Bergmann" (Japanese: ベルグマン Beruguman).
The Chinese also produced local copies of the M1920 at various factories, including Gongxian, Tsingtao, Taku, Shanghai, Ningxia, Guangdong, and Hanyang. Copies made at the Tsingtao Iron Factory (Chinese: 民国十五年青岛铁工厂制冲锋枪, lit. "Republic year 15 Tsingtao iron factory submachine gun") and the Taku Naval Dockyard used a vertical magazine well with a top-facing ejection port, but otherwise was functionally and externally identical to the standard M1920.
In 1930, SIG unsuccessfully attempted to market a new model called the M1930, which featured a modified trigger, a right-hand magazine feed, and a vertical foregrip attachment. This version may have been sold in small numbers to the Mengjiang state, but otherwise it was unsuccessful.
Design
The M1920 was a basic blowback-operated submachine gun copied directly from the MP18. The only difference in design was the straight magazine feed, as opposed to the MP18's backward-slanted magazine port, and the replacement of the MP18's fixed rear sight with an adjustable tangent sight. The M1920 generally also used a more rounded cocking knob compared to the MP18's curved handle. The M1920 did not take the 32-round "snail" magazines used by the MP18, but instead fed from more conventional 50-round double-stacked box magazines.
Gallery
